No it doesn't. It might lead to that someday, but it isn't that far yet.

That is literally what the California and Colorado laws say. Have you read them?

Have you?

To my knowledge they require the OS to have an API for websites and services to access a determination of the age range from.

This is a far cry from the breadth of what a "parental control API" would entail even if it would be part of such a thing.

Indeed. It's basically bool AreParentalControlsEnabled();

The way you enable them is by the root user typing a number less than 18.