Just for clarity: what you've described are (Units of Measure)[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fsharp/language-refe...], which let you define types, and their relationships, so you can define meters, and kilometers as meters * 1000 and then rest safe that your spaceshuttle will be using the right units.

Unit of Measure in practice: [<Measure>] type cm [<Measure>] type ml = cm^3 // a millilitre is 1 cm cubed

To the point in the article about using types to convey meaning, as I commented elsewhere, you want F#s awesome type aliasing and single-case discriminated unions :)

Type aliasing:

   type CustomerId = int // We can send now use IDs interchangeably with int, use CustomerId in method signatures, and expand the type with methods

Single Case Discriminated Unions:

   type CustomerId = CustomerId of int
   let id = CustomerId (3)           // Have to use a specific constructor
   let myFunction (CustomerId(id)) = // DUs can be unpacked in parameters
       printfn "%i" id               // this function only accepts CustomerId's